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DRAFT — NOT FOR PUBLIC EMERGENCY USE
Draft content aligned with ILCOR/AHA resuscitation guidelines, IFRC/Red Cross first aid guidance, WHO emergency care principles, and NFPA fire safety standards. Requires expert review before publication.
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If someone needs immediate help, use emergency mode — not these learning pages.
Go to emergency mode98 essential skills organized by 13 categories. Each lesson includes why it matters, step-by-step instructions, common mistakes, and practice ideas.
Check if you are safe, if the person responds, and what is wrong.
AVPU Assessment helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Categorizes level of consciousness: Alert…
Capillary Refill Check helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Assesses peripheral perfusion by p…
Checking Pulse helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Locates and assesses pulse presence, rate,…
Checking Responsiveness helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Determines whether a person is co…
De-escalation of Agitated Person helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Reduces aggression throu…
Dental Emergency Preservation helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Handles avulsed permanent t…
Embedded Object Stabilization helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Stabilizes impaled/embedded…
Eye Patching / Covering helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Covers injured eye without applyi…
Grounding Techniques helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Guides person to present moment usin…
Helmet Removal Assessment helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Decision framework and techniqu…
Pain Assessment helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Evaluates pain location, severity, charac…
Primary Survey (DR ABC) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Ordered initial assessment sequen…
Pupil Check helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Observes pupil size, symmetry, and reactivity…
Before you help anyone, ask one question: "Am I safe?" Scene safety means scanning for hazards that could hurt you — bec…
Triage (START/SALT) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Sorts multiple casualties by urgency …
Vital Signs Assessment helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Measures or estimates heart rate, …
Reach emergency services and tell them what they need to know.
Emergency Message Format helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Formats concise emergency text/r…
Emergency Whistle Use helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Uses whistle blasts (typically 3) t…
Calling emergency services is often the single most important action you can take. You do not need to diagnose what is w…
Mirror Signal helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Reflects sunlight toward aircraft or distan…
SOS Signaling (Auditory) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Creates audible distress signals…
SOS Signaling (Visual) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Creates visible distress signals —…
Emergency dispatchers are trained to guide you while help is on the way. Giving clear, structured information helps them…
Clear blocked airways and help someone who cannot breathe.
Choking Response (Child) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Age-appropriate back blows and a…
Choking Response (Infant — Back Blows/Chest Thrusts) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Alte…
Choking Self-Rescue helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Self-administered abdominal thrusts o…
Clearing Visible Airway Obstruction helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Finger sweep or force…
Head Tilt / Chin Lift helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Non-trauma maneuver to open airway …
Choking happens when something blocks the airway. A person who cannot breathe, speak, or cough effectively needs immedia…
Jaw Thrust (Trauma) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Trauma-safe airway opening by advanci…
The recovery position is a side-lying posture for someone who is unconscious but breathing normally. It keeps the airway…
Recovery Position (Child/Infant) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Age-adjusted recovery po…
Suctioning Basics helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Removal of blood, vomit, or secretions …
Chest compressions, rescue breaths, and defibrillator use.
AED Use helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Operates automated external defibrillator — pad p…
AED Use (Child/Infant) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. AED application with pediatric pad…
Bag-Valve-Mask Use helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Delivers positive-pressure breaths via…
Hands-only CPR uses chest compressions without rescue breaths. It is recommended for adults and teens who suddenly colla…
CPR (Adult) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Chest compressions with or without rescue bre…
CPR (Child) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Chest compressions and breaths for child card…
CPR (Infant) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Two-finger or two-thumb encircling compressi…
Rescue Breaths (Infant) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Infant-specific rescue breath tec…
Rescue Breaths (Mouth-to-Mouth) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Delivers breaths via mout…
Rescue Breaths (Mouth-to-Nose) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Alternative rescue breath …
Stop severe bleeding and protect someone in shock.
Elevation for Bleeding helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Elevates bleeding limb above heart…
Hemostatic Dressing Application helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Applies hemostatic-impreg…
Improvised Chest Seal helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Occlusive dressing applied to open …
Nosebleed Management helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Controls anterior nosebleed via upri…
Pressure Points for Bleeding helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Applies pressure to arterial…
Severe bleeding can become life-threatening within minutes. Direct, firm, continuous pressure on the wound is the most i…
Tourniquet Application helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Applies commercial or improvised t…
Wound Packing helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Packs hemostatic or plain gauze into deep w…
Cool burns safely and respond to heat-related illness.
Active Cooling (Heatstroke) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Rapidly cools heatstroke vict…
Burn Covering helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Covers cooled burn with sterile non-adheren…
Chemical Burn Decontamination (Eye — Irrigation) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Continuo…
Chemical Burn Decontamination (Skin) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Removes chemical fro…
Burns continue damaging skin even after the heat source is removed. Cooling with running water stops the burning process…
Electrical Burn Precautions helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Ensures power source disconne…
Passive Rewarming (Hypothermia) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Removes wet clothing, ins…
Splints, bandages, and protecting head and spine injuries.
Most cuts and scrapes can be managed with simple cleaning and covering. Basic wound care reduces infection risk and prot…
Log Roll helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Coordinated roll of patient maintaining spinal a…
Usually, do not move an injured person — movement can worsen spine, neck, or internal injuries. But sometimes staying pu…
Sling Application helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Supports injured arm in elevated positi…
Spinal Immobilization (Manual In-Line Stabilization) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Main…
Splinting (Improvised) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Immobilizes suspected fracture or …
Triangular Bandage Use helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Folds and applies triangular banda…
When and how to move a person without making things worse.
Blanket Lift helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Two+ rescuers lift casualty on blanket or ta…
Building Evacuation helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Executes safe exit from building duri…
Chair Carry helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Uses sturdy chair to transport conscious, coo…
Emergency Drag helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Drags unconscious or immobile person short…
Evacuation Coordination helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Organizes orderly building/area e…
Evacuation Planning helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Creates household evacuation plan — r…
Fire Blanket Use helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Smothers small fire or wraps person whos…
Firefighter Carry helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. One-person carry over shoulder for cons…
Removing Contaminated Clothing helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Cuts or removes outer clot…
Shelter-in-Place (Chemical/Nuclear) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Seals building/room, …
Stretcher Improvisation helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Constructs improvised stretcher f…
Two-Person Carry helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Coordinated two-rescuer carry (chair car…
Vehicle Extrication (Self) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Exits trapped or submerged veh…
Get out safely, use extinguishers, and guide others to exits.
Door-Check Technique helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Checks door for heat/smoke before op…
Low Crawl Through Smoke helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Moves below smoke layer on hands …
Stop-Drop-Roll helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Person whose clothing is on fire drops, co…
Portable fire extinguishers can put out small, contained fires — but only when you know how to use them and when it is s…
Floods, snakes, electricity, drowning, and extreme weather.
When someone is unconscious or very unwell, checking breathing tells you whether their body is getting oxygen. This chec…
Cold Water Survival Posture (HELP/Huddle) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Heat Escape Les…
Ice Rescue Self-Rescue helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Self-extraction from broken ice — …
Water Rescue (Reach/Throw/Row) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Rescues drowning person wi…
Protect yourself and others from harmful substances.
Chemical Decontamination (Others) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Assists contaminated ca…
Chemical Decontamination (Self) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Removes chemical contamin…
Upwind/Uphill Positioning helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Positions self and casualty upw…
Stay calm, communicate with care, and support distressed people.
Calming a Panicking Person helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Uses calm voice, simple instru…
Managing Group Panic helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Directs crowd with clear authoritati…
Psychological First Aid (PFA) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Provides humane, supportive…
Supporting Children Psychologically helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Age-appropriate reass…
Skills that help before an emergency happens.
Emergency Document Preparation helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Secures copies of ID, insu…
Emergency Kit Assembly helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Assembles go-bag and home kit — wa…
Family Emergency Communication helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Executes pre-agreed family…
Risk Assessment (Household) helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Identifies hazards specific t…
Water Storage and Purification helps civilians respond safely when seconds or minutes matter. Stores safe water supply a…