You made it through

Here's what comes next. Recovery takes time — take it one phase at a time.

42 guides across 4 phases of recovery.

Healing is possible. This is Draft 1 content compiled from authoritative sources. It has not been professionally reviewed.

Your recovery journey

0-24 hours
First Hours — Immediate Aftermath
9 guides
1-7 days
First Week — Stabilizing
11 guides
1-4 weeks
First Month — Rebuilding
10 guides
1-6 months and beyond
Long-Term Recovery
12 guides

Mental health & emotional support

Emotional recovery matters as much as physical safety. These guides are here when you're ready.

Mental health & emotional support

Returning Home Safely

Move back into your home only when structural, utility, and environmental checks confirm it is safe.

Key steps

Confirm official re-entry approval
Wait for clearance from building authorities, fire services, and utility companies — not just when neighbors return.
Inspect the exterior first
Check foundation, roof, chimney, porches, and utility connections from outside before opening doors.
Enter cautiously with others present
Open doors slowly — swollen frames may stick. Watch for falling debris and have a flashlight even during daytime.
Ventilate before extended stay
Open windows and doors for at least 30 minutes to clear stale air, gas pockets, and mold spores if power allows safe ventilation.
Test smoke and carbon monoxide alarms
Replace batteries and test all alarms before sleeping in the home. Use battery-powered CO detectors if gas appliances were affected.
Establish a temporary living setup
Set up one clean, dry room with essentials while larger repairs continue. Keep children and pets away from work zones.
Report new damage discovered after return
Document and report issues found during move-in to insurers and building inspectors within policy timeframes.

Warning signs to watch for

Doors or windows jammed by structural shift
Persistent gas odor or hissing sounds
Standing water or sewage inside the home
Visible mold covering more than one square meter

Who to contact for help

Municipal building inspector: Re-occupancy safety certification
Gas company emergency line: Leak inspection before restoring service
Insurance surveyor: Additional damage documentation after move-in

Sources: American Red Cross — Returning Home · NDMA — Housing Safety After Disasters · WHO — Indoor Air Quality After Floods

Mental health & emotional support

Children Back to School

Help children return to education and routine after disruption.

Key steps

Confirm school reopening status
Check official announcements from education departments and school management — not rumors on social media.
Replace lost school supplies and documents
Many schools waive documentation temporarily after disasters. Ask about replacement procedures for ID cards, books, and uniforms.
Talk honestly about what happened
Age-appropriate conversations help children process the event. Acknowledge feelings without forcing details they are not ready to share.
Watch for signs of distress
Changes in sleep, appetite, regression, or school refusal are common. Seek school counselor or mental health support if they persist beyond two weeks.
Re-establish routines gradually
Regular meal times, bedtime, and study schedules restore a sense of safety even if the home is still being repaired.
Coordinate with teachers
Inform teachers about housing changes, lost materials, or family stress so they can provide appropriate support.
Use interim learning options
If schools remain closed, use government broadcast lessons, community learning centers, and library resources to maintain continuity.

Warning signs to watch for

Child refuses school for more than two weeks
Nightmares, aggression, or withdrawal intensifying
School building has visible unrepaired damage
No interim education available during extended closure

Who to contact for help

School principal / counselor: Re-enrollment, trauma support, and supply assistance
District education office: School reopening schedules and temporary learning centers
UNICEF / NGO education partners: Psychosocial support and learning materials in disaster zones

Sources: WHO — Psychosocial Support for Children in Emergencies · UNICEF — Education in Emergencies · NDMA — Child-Friendly Spaces in Relief Camps

Mental health & emotional support

Emotional Recovery After Disaster

Recognize normal stress responses and find support for lasting psychological recovery.

Key steps

Accept that strong reactions are normal
Anxiety, sadness, anger, guilt, and difficulty concentrating are common after trauma. They do not mean you are failing.
Maintain basic self-care
Prioritize sleep, regular meals, safe water, and gentle movement. Physical stability supports emotional recovery.
Stay connected with others
Isolation worsens distress. Share meals, attend community meetings, and accept help from neighbors and support groups.
Limit disaster media exposure
Constant news and social media replays re-trigger stress. Set specific times to check updates, then focus on constructive tasks.
Use structured stress tools
Breathing exercises, prayer, journaling, and daily routines help regulate the nervous system. Teach simple techniques to children too.
Seek professional help when needed
Persistent insomnia, panic attacks, substance increase, or inability to function for more than two weeks warrant counseling or clinical support.
Support children and elders patiently
Regression, clinginess, and forgetfulness are common. Provide reassurance, routine, and age-appropriate honesty about ongoing recovery.

Warning signs to watch for

Thoughts of self-harm or harming others
Complete inability to perform daily tasks for two or more weeks
Heavy alcohol or drug use to cope
Children showing severe behavioral changes without improvement

Who to contact for help

Tele-MANAS: 14416 or 1-800-891-4416 — national tele-mental health helpline
KIRAN Mental Health Helpline: 1800-599-0019 — 24/7 crisis support
District hospital psychiatry department: In-person counseling and referral
NGO psychosocial support teams: Community-based counseling in disaster-affected areas

Sources: WHO — Mental Health in Emergencies · American Red Cross — Recovering Emotionally · NDMA — Psychosocial Support Guidelines

Plus 1 more mental health guides in the phases below.

0-24 hours

First Hours — Immediate Aftermath

Is It Safe to Return?

Assess whether it is safe to go back to your home, workplace, or affected area before you re-enter.

Key steps

Wait for official clearance
Do not return until local authorities, fire services, or disaster management officials say the area is safe. Re-entering too early exposes you to collapse, fire, flood, or contamination risks.
Check for visible structural damage
Look for cracked walls, leaning buildings, sagging roofs, broken gas lines, or downed power lines from a safe distance. If you see these, stay out and report them.
Assess environmental hazards
Watch for standing floodwater, chemical spills, smoke, unstable trees, or debris piles. These can hide sharp objects, live wires, or contaminated water.
Use protective gear if you must approach
Wear sturdy shoes, gloves, long sleeves, and a mask if dust or mold is present. Never touch downed power lines or standing water near them.
Follow marked routes only
Use roads and paths designated by emergency crews. Blocked or flooded routes may still be unsafe even if they look passable.
Re-evaluate if conditions change
Aftershocks, rising water, or shifting debris can make a previously checked area dangerous again. Leave immediately if you notice new cracks, smells, or sounds.
Document what you observe from outside
Take photos or notes of visible damage from a safe distance. This helps insurance claims and aids agencies without putting you at risk.

Warning signs to watch for

Building leaning or making cracking or groaning sounds
Smell of gas, chemical fumes, or burning that will not stop
Floodwater still rising or moving quickly
Downed power lines or sparking electrical equipment
Authorities have issued a stay-away or evacuation order

Who to contact for help

Emergency services: 112 — for immediate danger or trapped persons
Local fire department: Structural safety assessments and gas leak response
NDMA / State Disaster Management Authority: Area clearance updates and official safety advisories
Municipal building department: Structural inspection requests after major damage

Sources: American Red Cross — Returning Home Safely · NDMA — Post-Disaster Safety Guidelines · WHO — Environmental Health in Emergencies

Finding Your Family

Reunite with loved ones when phones, roads, and normal routines are disrupted.

Key steps

Try your family communication plan first
Use the out-of-area contact and meeting points you agreed on before the emergency. Text messages often work when voice calls fail.
Check designated meeting points
Go to your near-home and away-from-home meeting spots at agreed times. Leave a written note if you must move on.
Contact schools, workplaces, and care facilities
Call or visit locations where family members were likely to be. Many institutions maintain emergency rosters and shelter lists.
Register with official reunification services
Use Red Cross Safe and Well, NDMA family tracing helplines, or local disaster registration desks set up at shelters and hospitals.
Use social media responsibly
Post one clear update with your location and who you are looking for. Avoid sharing precise shelter locations of vulnerable people publicly.
Visit hospitals and aid stations systematically
Check emergency departments, triage areas, and registration desks. Bring a recent photo and identifying details for missing persons.
Keep trying on a schedule
Check in every few hours through multiple channels. Battery conservation matters — agree on check-in windows with your out-of-area contact.
Report missing persons to authorities
If someone remains unaccounted for after reasonable searches, file a report with police and disaster registration centers with full description and last known location.

Warning signs to watch for

A child or dependent adult has been missing for several hours
Someone was last seen in a collapsed or flooded area
Impersonators claiming to know your family's location ask for money
You receive conflicting information from unofficial sources

Who to contact for help

Police: 112 or local station — missing person reports
Indian Red Cross Society: Family reunification and tracing services during disasters
NDMA helpline: 1078 — national disaster management assistance
School or workplace emergency contact: Rosters and evacuation records for students and staff

Sources: American Red Cross — Safe and Well · ICRC — Restoring Family Links · NDMA — Family Reunification Protocols

Emergency Shelter Options

Find safe temporary housing when your home is damaged or unreachable.

Key steps

Go to the nearest official shelter first
Schools, community halls, and government buildings often become designated shelters. Follow signs or directions from emergency workers.
Register when you arrive
Sign in with shelter managers so you are counted for food, medical care, and family tracing. Bring ID if you have it.
Ask about special-needs accommodations
Inform staff about infants, elders, disabilities, medical equipment, or dietary needs. Official shelters should have protocols for these cases.
Understand shelter rules and duration
Shelters may have curfews, pet restrictions, or limited stay periods. Ask managers how long the shelter will operate and what services are provided.
Keep valuables secure and travel light
Bring essential documents, medications, and one change of clothes in a bag you can carry. Use lockers or staff storage if available.
Explore temporary housing alternatives
If official shelters are full, contact relatives, religious institutions, or disaster housing programs. Avoid unsafe improvised shelters in damaged buildings.
Confirm shelter safety before settling in
Choose ground-floor or accessible exits, note fire exits, and avoid areas with roof damage or flooding. Report hazards to shelter staff immediately.

Warning signs to watch for

Shelter is overcrowded without basic sanitation
No safe drinking water or food after 24 hours
Shelter is in a still-flooded or structurally damaged building
Staff cannot verify official authorization to operate

Who to contact for help

NDMA / District Disaster Management: Official shelter locations and registration
Indian Red Cross Society: Emergency shelter and relief coordination
Local municipal office: Community hall and public building allocations
112: If you are stranded without shelter in dangerous conditions

Sources: American Red Cross — Finding Shelter · NDMA — Relief Camp Management Guidelines · WHO — Minimum Standards in Shelter

Getting Emergency Medical Care

Access urgent and ongoing medical care when normal health services are disrupted.

Key steps

Call 112 for life-threatening emergencies
Chest pain, difficulty breathing, severe bleeding, unconsciousness, or major trauma require immediate ambulance response. Give your exact location and number of patients.
Go to the nearest functioning medical facility
Identify hospitals that remain open. Disaster dashboards and 108 ambulance services can direct you to operational emergency departments.
Use first aid while waiting for help
Control bleeding with direct pressure, keep airways open, and do not move suspected spinal injuries unless immediate danger requires it.
Bring medication lists and allergy information
Write down current prescriptions, dosages, blood type, and allergies. This helps doctors when records are unavailable.
Visit medical aid stations at shelters
Many disaster sites set up triage tents for minor injuries, wound care, and chronic condition support. Register even for small injuries to prevent infection.
Seek mental health support early
Acute stress reactions are normal. Crisis counselors are often deployed alongside medical teams — ask shelter or hospital staff for psychosocial support.
Keep follow-up appointments for non-urgent needs
Chronic conditions still need care after the first 24 hours. Note clinic reopening times and mobile health unit schedules posted by health departments.

Warning signs to watch for

Breathing difficulty, chest pain, or confusion worsening
Bleeding that does not stop with 10 minutes of firm pressure
Signs of shock: pale skin, rapid pulse, dizziness
Wounds with dirt, swelling, red streaks, or foul odor
No medical facility reachable within a safe travel time

Who to contact for help

112: National emergency number for ambulance and rescue
108: Emergency ambulance services in many states
Nearest hospital emergency department: Check state health department disaster updates for open facilities
National Health Helpline: 1075 — health information and guidance

Sources: WHO — Clinical Management of Disaster Injuries · American Red Cross — First Aid for Disaster Response · NDMA — Medical Emergency Protocols

Contacting Emergency Services / Relief Agencies

Reach the right agencies for rescue, relief supplies, and official information.

Key steps

Use 112 for immediate rescue needs
Report trapped persons, active fires, gas leaks, or medical emergencies. Stay on the line if possible and follow dispatcher instructions.
Call NDMA and state disaster helplines
1078 and state-specific disaster numbers provide information on relief camps, road closures, and government assistance registration.
Register for relief at official collection points
Sign up at government desks, not unofficial street distributions. Registration helps ensure fair access and accurate aid tracking.
Contact local municipal and district offices
These offices coordinate water tankers, sanitation, debris removal, and temporary permits for re-entry.
Connect with verified relief organizations
Indian Red Cross, SEEDS, Goonj, and government-listed NGOs operate under coordination protocols. Verify identity before sharing personal documents.
Monitor official communication channels
Follow state disaster management social media, radio broadcasts, and SMS alerts. Avoid acting on unverified WhatsApp forwards.
Document every request and response
Keep a log of who you contacted, when, reference numbers, and promised follow-ups. This helps if aid is delayed or disputes arise.

Warning signs to watch for

Someone demands payment for free government relief
Unverified groups ask for bank details or Aadhaar copies without official ID
Conflicting instructions from multiple unofficial sources
No response from any agency after 48 hours for registered urgent needs

Who to contact for help

112: Immediate rescue and life-threatening emergencies
NDMA helpline: 1078 — national disaster information and assistance
District Collector / Disaster Management Office: Local relief registration and coordination
Indian Red Cross Society: Relief supplies, tracing, and medical support

Sources: NDMA — Disaster Response Standard Operating Procedures · American Red Cross — Disaster Relief Services · WHO — Health Cluster Coordination

Checking If Your Building Is Safe to Enter

Look for structural, gas, and electrical dangers before stepping inside a damaged building.

Key steps

Wait for area clearance
Do not enter because neighbors went in — wait for fire, municipal, or disaster officials when possible.
Walk the outside first
Check walls for new cracks, leaning, or gaps between floors. Listen for creaking or popping sounds.
Look up and down
Note sagging rooflines, hanging balconies, broken parapets, and water or mud at the foundation.
Smell and listen for gas
Rotten egg smell or hissing near LPG cylinder means leave and call 112 from outside. Do not switch lights on.
Check for electrical hazards
Downed lines, sparking meters, or water touching wiring mean stay out until utility staff clear it.
Enter only with others and daylight if possible
One person stays outside. Use flashlight — not open flame. Open doors slowly; ceilings may fall.
Leave immediately if anything shifts
New cracks, dust falling, or strange smells after entry mean exit at once and report.

Warning signs to watch for

Walls leaning or stair-step cracks wider than a finger
Gas smell or hissing
Water touching electrical panel or meter
Roof sagging or visible daylight through cracks
Official red or unsafe tag on building

Who to contact for help

112: Immediate danger, gas leak, or collapse risk
Fire department: Structural assessment and gas emergencies
Municipal building inspector: Occupancy safety after major damage
Electricity company: Power restoration and meter safety

Sources: NDMA — Post-Disaster Safety Guidelines · American Red Cross — Returning Home Safely · Bureau of Indian Standards — Building Safety Assessment

Emergency Water and Food — First 24 Hours

Find safe drinking water and food when shops, taps, and kitchens are not working.

Key steps

Use sealed bottled water first
Drink only factory-sealed bottles or water from official relief tankers until tap water is declared safe.
Boil water if no sealed source
Rolling boil for one minute kills most germs. Let cool before drinking. Filter cloudy water through clean cloth first.
Avoid floodwater for any use
Never drink, cook with, or brush teeth using floodwater or water that smells like sewage.
Eat packaged food still dry and sealed
Discard anything touched by floodwater, including cans with rust or dents near seams.
Use relief food safely
Eat hot cooked meals from official kitchens when available. Wash hands with soap or sanitizer before eating.
Ration what you have
Small regular meals and sips beat one big meal. Prioritize children, pregnant persons, and elders for clean water.
Watch for illness signs
Vomiting or diarrhea after drinking bad water needs medical help. Keep oral rehydration salts if doctor or label allows use.

Warning signs to watch for

No safe water for 12 hours in heat
Multiple people vomiting after same water source
Food smells sour or has mold
Child or elder showing signs of dehydration

Who to contact for help

Relief distribution center: Official water and food supplies
Municipal water department: Boil-water advisories
1075: Health guidance
112: Severe dehydration or collapse

Sources: WHO — Safe Water and Food in Emergencies · American Red Cross — Food and Water in an Emergency · NDMA — Public Health After Disasters

First Night Shelter Options

Get through the first night safely when home is gone, flooded, or unsafe.

Key steps

Choose official shelter if available
Schools, community halls, and government camps offer headcount, water, and security.
Register on arrival
Give your name and family members so tracing services can find you. Keep registration slip safe.
Pick safe spot inside shelter
Near exit, away from damaged roof areas, on ground floor if structure is weak upstairs.
Keep essentials on your person
Documents, phone, medicines, and cash in bag you do not leave unattended.
Use relative or host home if shelter full
Choose sturdy house on high ground, not damaged building or riverbank.
Avoid unsafe overnight choices
Do not sleep in flooded rooms, under unstable trees, or in vehicles in low areas.
Plan tomorrow before dark
Know where water, toilet, and medical help are. Agree family wake-up and check-in time.

Warning signs to watch for

Shelter overcrowded with no toilets or water
Building still taking on water or shaking
Strangers demand money for shelter space
No adult supervisor for unaccompanied children

Who to contact for help

NDMA / district disaster office: Official shelter locations
112: Stranded without safe shelter
Indian Red Cross: Emergency shelter support
Police: Safety concerns at unofficial camps

Sources: NDMA — Relief Camp Management Guidelines · WHO — Minimum Standards in Shelter · American Red Cross — Finding Shelter

Documenting Damage — Photos and Notes

Capture proof of damage in the first day while it is still visible — from a safe distance.

Key steps

Stay safe while documenting
No photos inside unstable buildings or standing floodwater with live wires nearby.
Shoot wide then close
One photo of whole room, then close-ups of each damaged item or crack. Include street or house number if visible.
Add date reference
Newspaper front page, phone screenshot with date, or voice note stating date and time.
Write simple notes same day
Room-by-room list: what is wet, broken, or missing. Approximate age of big items if known.
Photograph serial numbers
Electronics, vehicles, and appliances where labels still readable.
Back up immediately
Upload to cloud or send to out-of-area contact. Phone can be lost next day.
Do not throw items yet
Keep damaged goods if safe until insurer or surveyor advises — or photo before disposal.

Warning signs to watch for

Pressure to sign damage forms before inspecting
Someone offers to photograph for a fee using your ID
Memory card or phone failure with no backup
Damage worsening because photos delayed cleanup of wet items

Who to contact for help

Insurance company: Claim opening and photo requirements
District disaster office: Government damage assessment teams
Municipal engineer: Structural photo requests for official report

Sources: American Red Cross — Documenting Disaster Losses · NDMA — Damage Assessment Framework · Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India — Claim Guidelines

1-7 days

First Week — Stabilizing

Safe Water and Food After Disaster

Avoid illness from contaminated water and spoiled food during the first week.

Key steps

Use bottled or officially supplied water
Drink only sealed bottled water or water from verified tankers and relief stations until tap water is declared safe.
Boil water if no safe source is available
Bring water to a rolling boil for at least one minute (three minutes at high altitude). Let it cool before drinking.
Discard food exposed to floodwater
Any food touched by floodwater — including sealed packages with porous surfaces — should be thrown away. When in doubt, throw it out.
Check refrigerated and frozen food carefully
Perishable food above 4°C for more than two hours (one hour above 32°C) is unsafe. Discard items with unusual odor, color, or texture.
Eat cooked food promptly
Serve hot meals and refrigerate leftovers within two hours if refrigeration is available. Avoid raw foods and street food of unknown hygiene.
Clean food preparation surfaces
Wash utensils and counters with soap and safe water before cooking. Use separate boards for raw and cooked items.
Watch for signs of waterborne illness
Diarrhea, vomiting, and fever after drinking untreated water require medical attention. Keep oral rehydration salts available.

Warning signs to watch for

Tap water is cloudy, smells like sewage, or officials have not cleared it
Food has been without refrigeration for more than four hours in warm conditions
Multiple household members develop vomiting or diarrhea
Chemical contamination suspected near water source

Who to contact for help

Municipal water department: Boil-water advisories and supply restoration updates
Health department / 1075: Waterborne illness reporting and guidance
Relief distribution centers: Safe drinking water and packaged food supplies

Sources: WHO — Safe Water and Food in Emergencies · American Red Cross — Food and Water in an Emergency · NDMA — Public Health After Disasters

Cleaning Up Safely

Clear debris and clean your surroundings without causing injury or illness.

Key steps

Wear protective equipment
Use waterproof boots, heavy gloves, goggles, and an N95 or equivalent mask when handling debris, mud, or dry flood residue.
Work in teams and take breaks
Never enter unstable structures alone. Rotate heavy work, drink safe water, and rest in shade to prevent heat exhaustion.
Separate hazardous materials
Identify batteries, propane tanks, pesticides, and medical waste. Do not burn debris. Set aside for proper collection by authorities.
Remove mud and water-damaged items first
Clear wet carpets, furniture, and insulation within 24–48 hours when possible to limit mold growth. Document items before discarding for insurance.
Disinfect hard surfaces
Clean with soap and safe water, then disinfect with a diluted bleach solution (1 cup bleach per 5 gallons of water) on non-porous surfaces.
Handle sharp debris carefully
Use tools, not bare hands, to move broken glass, nails, and metal. Keep a first aid kit nearby and update tetanus protection if needed.
Follow local debris collection schedules
Place separated waste at designated curbside points. Illegal dumping blocks recovery and creates health hazards.

Warning signs to watch for

Chest tightness or dizziness while cleaning in enclosed spaces
Sewage backup or chemical odor in work area
Structural cracks appearing during cleanup
Cuts or puncture wounds from contaminated debris

Who to contact for help

Municipal sanitation department: Debris pickup schedules and hazardous waste disposal
112 / fire department: Hazardous material spills and unstable structures
Primary health center: Tetanus shots and wound care after injuries

Sources: American Red Cross — Safe Cleanup After a Disaster · WHO — Flood Cleanup and Mold Prevention · NDMA — Post-Flood Sanitation Guidelines

Protecting Your Health

Prevent disease outbreaks and manage health risks in the first week after a disaster.

Key steps

Wash hands frequently with soap and safe water
Handwashing before eating, after toilet use, and after contact with floodwater is the single most effective disease prevention step.
Use toilets or designated latrines
Avoid open defecation near water sources. Report broken sewage systems to municipal authorities immediately.
Protect against mosquito-borne illness
Remove standing water, use mosquito nets, and apply repellent especially after floods when dengue and malaria risk rises.
Keep wounds clean and covered
Wash cuts with soap and safe water, apply antiseptic, and cover with a bandage. Seek care if redness, swelling, or fever develops.
Maintain routine medications
Do not skip chronic disease treatments. Use relief pharmacy lists or mobile clinics if your regular pharmacy is closed.
Stay cool and hydrated in heat
Disasters often coincide with power loss and heat waves. Drink safe fluids regularly and watch for heat exhaustion symptoms.
Isolate sick household members when possible
Separate bedding and utensils for people with fever, diarrhea, or respiratory symptoms. Seek medical care early rather than waiting.

Warning signs to watch for

Fever with rash, stiff neck, or confusion
Persistent diarrhea lasting more than two days in adults or any duration in small children
Rapid spread of similar symptoms among shelter residents
No access to soap, safe water, or functioning toilets for 24 hours

Who to contact for help

Health department / 1075: Disease outbreak reporting and public health advisories
Nearest primary health center: Vaccinations, wound care, and illness treatment
WHO India health cluster partners: Mobile clinics in major disaster zones

Sources: WHO — Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies · American Red Cross — Health and Safety After a Disaster · NDMA — Epidemic Prevention in Relief Camps

Documenting Damage for Insurance/Aid

Create records that support insurance claims and government assistance applications.

Key steps

Photograph and video before cleanup
Capture wide shots and close-ups of all damage — structure, belongings, vehicles, and inventory — from multiple angles with date reference.
Make a written inventory of losses
List each damaged or destroyed item with approximate age, purchase price, and replacement cost. Note serial numbers where visible.
Keep damaged items when safe to do so
Insurers may want to inspect items before disposal. Store outdoors if moldy; photograph and tag before removing if inspection is delayed.
Save all receipts and correspondence
Keep receipts for temporary repairs, lodging, food, and supplies. Save emails and text messages with insurers and aid agencies.
Obtain official damage assessments
Request inspection reports from municipal engineers, insurance surveyors, and government damage assessment teams. Note reference numbers.
File claims promptly
Insurance policies often have notification deadlines. Contact your insurer within 24–72 hours even if full documentation is still being gathered.
Apply for government disaster aid
Register with district disaster management for relief, compensation, and rehabilitation schemes. Bring ID, bank details, and damage photos.

Warning signs to watch for

Insurer denies claim for lack of documentation
Damage worsens because temporary repairs were not recorded
Deadline for government compensation application is approaching
Disputes over pre-existing vs disaster-related damage

Who to contact for help

Insurance company helpline: Claim registration and surveyor appointment
District Disaster Management Office: Government damage assessment and compensation schemes
Municipal engineer / building inspector: Official structural damage reports

Sources: NDMA — Damage Assessment and Compensation Framework · American Red Cross — Documenting Disaster Losses · Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India — Claim Guidelines

Getting Medications and Medical Devices Replaced

Restore essential prescriptions and medical equipment lost or destroyed in the disaster.

Key steps

List all current medications and devices
Write drug names, dosages, prescribing doctor, pharmacy, and device model numbers. Ask your doctor's office for records if available.
Visit open pharmacies with your list
Many chains can look up prescription history electronically. Relief health desks sometimes maintain emergency pharmacy lists.
Contact your doctor for emergency refills
Explain the disaster situation. Telemedicine and mobile clinics often authorize short-term refills without a full visit.
Replace critical devices early
Insulin, inhalers, CPAP machines, hearing aids, wheelchairs, and glasses are priority items. Check manufacturer disaster replacement programs.
Store medications properly
Keep drugs in a cool, dry place. If refrigeration is needed and power is out, use approved cooling packs or relief cold storage.
Never share or substitute without advice
Do not take someone else's prescription or change doses. Generic equivalents are fine when a pharmacist confirms they match.
Add a 7-day buffer to your supply
Once you restock, keep at least one week of extra medication in your emergency kit for future disruptions.

Warning signs to watch for

Less than 48 hours of critical medication remaining
Medical device failure with no backup (oxygen, dialysis, insulin pump)
Pharmacy cannot verify prescription and condition is unstable
Child or elder missed multiple doses of essential medication

Who to contact for help

Prescribing doctor / hospital records: Emergency prescription authorization
Nearest open pharmacy: Check state health department lists of operating pharmacies
1075 National Health Helpline: Guidance on medication access during disasters
Relief medical desk: Free medication distribution at shelters and camps

Sources: WHO — Continuity of Care in Emergencies · American Red Cross — Replacing Prescriptions After a Disaster · NDMA — Essential Medicines in Relief Operations

Temporary Shelter Setup

Make a camp, relative home, or partial home habitable for the first week.

Key steps

Choose driest safe room
One room with solid roof and working door becomes base while rest is repaired.
Create sleeping zones
Mats or cots off damp floor. Separate space for sick person if possible.
Set hygiene corner
Hand wash station with soap and safe water. Bag for waste if municipal pickup delayed.
Organize shared rules if multi-family
Cooking times, light-off hour, and child supervision written on paper.
Ventilate daily
Open windows when air safe — reduces mold and stuffiness.
Secure belongings
Lockbox or assigned corner per family. Label bags with names.
Plan move-out criteria
Agree what must be fixed before leaving temp shelter — wiring, dry walls, working toilet.

Warning signs to watch for

Mold smell within 48 hours of setup
Crowding without ventilation in one room
Theft or harassment in unofficial shelter
Raw sewage inside living space

Who to contact for help

District disaster office: Temporary housing programs
Indian Red Cross: Shelter supplies
Municipal sanitation: Waste pickup from temp camps

Sources: WHO — Minimum Standards in Shelter · NDMA — Relief Camp Guidelines · American Red Cross — Temporary Housing

Safe Water Purification Methods

Make water safer to drink when bottles and tankers run out.

Key steps

Start with clearest source available
Let mud settle or filter through clean cloth. Avoid yellow or oily water.
Boil as primary method
Rolling boil one minute at sea level; longer at high altitude. Store in clean covered container.
Use purification tablets only per label
Follow package for dose and wait time. Wrong dose fails or harms.
Bleach disinfection only if guidance confirms
Use plain unscented bleach in correct tiny amount per litre — many agencies publish ratios. Wrong bleach type is dangerous.
Improve stored water hygiene
Use clean scoop — not hands. Keep container off ground and covered.
Do not trust appearance alone
Clear water can still carry disease after floods.
Switch to official supply when cleared
Stop homemade treatment when municipal or health department declares tap water safe.

Warning signs to watch for

Chemical spill suspected near water source
Purification tablets expired or unlabeled
Many people sick after same treated water
Water smells strongly of petrol or sewage after treatment attempt

Who to contact for help

Municipal water department: Supply restoration updates
1075: Water treatment guidance
Health department: Outbreak reporting

Sources: WHO — Household Water Treatment · American Red Cross — Water Purification · NDMA — Water Safety After Floods

Food Safety After Disaster

Avoid food poisoning when refrigerators, shops, and kitchens fail.

Key steps

When in doubt, throw it out
Flood-touched food is unsafe even if washed or peeled.
Check refrigerator time and temperature
If power out more than four hours with warm interior, discard most perishable items.
Cook thoroughly
Boil soups hard. Avoid raw salads and uncooked street food until water safe.
Separate raw and cooked
Use different utensils if possible. Wash hands before handling food.
Store leftovers safely
Eat within two hours or discard if no cold storage.
Clean food contact surfaces
Wash with soap and safe water before next meal prep.
Watch household for illness
Same meal timing sickness suggests bad batch — stop serving and seek care.

Warning signs to watch for

Swollen or leaking canned goods
Milk or meat smelling sour
Multiple vomiting cases after one meal
Flies heavy on uncovered cooked food

Who to contact for help

1075: Food safety questions
Health department: Foodborne outbreak reporting
Relief kitchen supervisor: Report unsafe donated food

Sources: WHO — Food Safety in Emergencies · FEMA — Food Safety After Flood · NDMA — Public Health After Disasters

Phone and Communication Recovery

Restore contact with family, work, and officials when networks are damaged.

Key steps

Conserve battery immediately
Lower brightness, close apps, use airplane mode between check-ins.
Try SMS before voice calls
Text uses less power and often works when voice fails.
Use one out-of-area relay
Single contact passes messages — reduces duplicate calls jamming network.
Find charging points safely
Official shelters, shops with generators, or car charger outdoors with ventilation.
Use alternate channels
Radio news, municipal loudspeaker, and neighbor phone trees.
Register on official missing/found lists
Red Cross Safe and Well or district desks if available.
Replace SIM if phone works but card fails
Carry ID copy to operator shop when shops reopen.

Warning signs to watch for

Battery dead with no charging option for 24 hours
Scam calls asking for OTP to locate family
No news from separated child for many hours
Rumors spreading faster than verified updates

Who to contact for help

112: Life-threatening emergencies only
Indian Red Cross: Safe and Well registration
NDMA helpline: 1078 — information and assistance
Mobile operator customer care: SIM replacement after ID verification

Sources: NDMA — Communication During Disasters · ICRC — Restoring Family Links · American Red Cross — Communication After Disaster

Child Care During Crisis

Keep children safe, fed, and calm while adult recovery tasks pile up.

Key steps

Supervision comes first
Assign adult watcher — not older child alone for long periods — during cleanup and travel.
Maintain basic routine
Regular meal and sleep times reduce fear even in shelter.
Limit disaster media
Repeated flood videos re-traumatize children.
Answer questions simply
Honest short answers. Reassure adults are working to make things safe.
Protect from hazards
Keep children away from mud, debris, stray dogs, and standing water.
School and documents
Contact school when lines work. Replace lost ID through official channels when announced.
Watch behavior changes
Bedwetting, clinging, or nightmares are common — seek counselor if severe or lasting weeks.

Warning signs to watch for

Child missing or separated more than one hour
Injury or fever not improving
Signs of abuse in overcrowded shelter
Child refusing all food and water

Who to contact for help

112: Missing or injured child
School principal: Student location and care
UNICEF / NGO child protection desk: Psychosocial support in disaster zones
District women and child development office: Family support services

Sources: WHO — Psychosocial Support for Children in Emergencies · UNICEF — Child-Friendly Spaces · NDMA — Child Protection in Relief Camps

Pet Care and Reunion After Disaster

Feed, shelter, and find pets separated during evacuation.

Key steps

Search near home first when safe
Pets often hide nearby. Call calmly — do not chase stressed animals.
Check shelters and vets
Visit with photo and vaccination copy. Register on lost-pet boards from trusted NGOs only.
Offer clean water gradually
Small amounts after stress. Do not force food if vomiting.
Isolate injured or sick pets
Separate from children until vet checks bites or wounds.
Clean paws after mud exposure
Check for cuts and glass. Update rabies concern with doctor if bitten.
Do not abandon if housing temporary
Ask relatives, NGOs, or boarding until home ready.
Update tag and chip after move
Temporary address or phone on collar until permanent return.

Warning signs to watch for

Aggressive behavior unlike normal
Not drinking for 24 hours
Visible bone injury or deep cut
Possible rabies exposure from stray bite

Who to contact for help

Local veterinary clinic: Injury and illness care
Animal welfare NGO: Lost pet registration and rescue
112: Human injury from animal
Primary health center: Human rabies exposure assessment

Sources: Humane Society — Disaster Pet Recovery · NDMA — Animal Safety During Disasters · World Organisation for Animal Health — Rabies Guidance

1-4 weeks

First Month — Rebuilding

Mental health & emotional support

Returning Home Safely

Move back into your home only when structural, utility, and environmental checks confirm it is safe.

Key steps

Confirm official re-entry approval
Wait for clearance from building authorities, fire services, and utility companies — not just when neighbors return.
Inspect the exterior first
Check foundation, roof, chimney, porches, and utility connections from outside before opening doors.
Enter cautiously with others present
Open doors slowly — swollen frames may stick. Watch for falling debris and have a flashlight even during daytime.
Ventilate before extended stay
Open windows and doors for at least 30 minutes to clear stale air, gas pockets, and mold spores if power allows safe ventilation.
Test smoke and carbon monoxide alarms
Replace batteries and test all alarms before sleeping in the home. Use battery-powered CO detectors if gas appliances were affected.
Establish a temporary living setup
Set up one clean, dry room with essentials while larger repairs continue. Keep children and pets away from work zones.
Report new damage discovered after return
Document and report issues found during move-in to insurers and building inspectors within policy timeframes.

Warning signs to watch for

Doors or windows jammed by structural shift
Persistent gas odor or hissing sounds
Standing water or sewage inside the home
Visible mold covering more than one square meter

Who to contact for help

Municipal building inspector: Re-occupancy safety certification
Gas company emergency line: Leak inspection before restoring service
Insurance surveyor: Additional damage documentation after move-in

Sources: American Red Cross — Returning Home · NDMA — Housing Safety After Disasters · WHO — Indoor Air Quality After Floods

Assessing Structural Damage

Identify building damage that requires professional repair before normal use.

Key steps

Look for foundation and wall cracks
Hairline cracks may be cosmetic; stair-step cracks in masonry, horizontal cracks, or gaps at corners need professional assessment.
Check floors and ceilings for sagging
Uneven floors, bowed ceilings, or doors that no longer close properly suggest structural movement.
Inspect roof and attic from a distance
Missing sections, sagging ridges, or daylight through the roof require a licensed contractor. Do not walk on damaged roofs.
Examine load-bearing elements
Columns, beams, and staircases showing cracks, rust, or displacement are critical safety concerns.
Document everything for professionals
Photos with scale references (ruler or coin) help engineers assess severity without repeated visits.
Do not attempt structural repairs yourself
Temporary shoring may be needed. Only qualified engineers and contractors should design and perform structural fixes.
Get a written assessment report
Request a formal report from a licensed structural engineer for insurance, permits, and resale documentation.

Warning signs to watch for

Cracks wider than 6 mm or growing daily
Building leaning or separating from adjacent structures
Audible popping or cracking during aftershocks or wind
Chimney or parapet visibly unstable

Who to contact for help

Licensed structural engineer: Professional damage assessment and repair specifications
Municipal building department: Permit requirements and inspection scheduling
112 / fire department: Immediate danger from imminent collapse

Sources: NDMA — Building Safety Assessment Protocol · American Red Cross — Home Damage Checklist · Bureau of Indian Standards — Seismic Evaluation Guidelines

Electrical and Gas Safety Check

Restore utilities safely after water, fire, or earthquake damage.

Key steps

Do not turn on utilities yourself if flooded
Water and electricity are lethal together. Wait for utility company inspection before restoring power to flooded areas.
Inspect the electrical panel and meter
Look for corrosion, burn marks, or water lines inside the panel. Have an electrician replace damaged components before energizing.
Replace water-damaged outlets and wiring
Any wiring submerged or splashed by floodwater should be replaced — not dried and reused. This includes outlets, switches, and appliances.
Test GFCI and earth leakage protection
Ensure ground fault and earth leakage devices function before using outlets in kitchens, bathrooms, and outdoor areas.
Have gas lines inspected before relighting
Gas company or licensed plumber must check lines, meters, and appliances for leaks. Do not use matches to test for leaks.
Replace gas appliance flex lines if submerged
Water-damaged gas connectors and regulators must be replaced even if they appear functional.
Install temporary power safely
If using generators, operate outdoors away from windows. Never connect generators directly to home wiring without a transfer switch.

Warning signs to watch for

Burning smell, sparks, or warm outlets
Gas odor or hissing near appliances or meters
Frequent tripping of breakers after restoration
Tingling sensation when touching appliances

Who to contact for help

Electricity distribution company: Meter inspection and service restoration
Licensed electrician: Wiring assessment and repair
Gas company emergency line: Leak detection and line certification
112: Fire or explosion risk from utility failure

Sources: NDMA — Utility Restoration Safety · American Red Cross — Safe Utility Restoration · Central Electricity Authority — Flood Damage Electrical Guidelines

Dealing with Mold and Water Damage

Prevent long-term health and structural problems from lingering moisture.

Key steps

Remove wet materials within 48 hours
Carpet, drywall below the flood line, insulation, and upholstered furniture that stayed wet should be removed and discarded.
Dry remaining structures actively
Use fans, dehumidifiers, and open windows. Target below 60% humidity within 72 hours to limit mold growth.
Clean non-porous surfaces with detergent
Scrub hard surfaces with soap and water. Porous materials that cannot be fully dried should be replaced.
Treat visible mold on small areas
Areas under one square meter can be cleaned with detergent and water while wearing N95 mask and gloves. Do not use bleach alone on porous surfaces.
Do not paint or cover mold
Trapped moisture and mold will continue spreading under paint, wallpaper, or new carpet.
Monitor for returning musty odors
Persistent musty smell after drying indicates hidden mold in walls, crawl spaces, or HVAC systems.
Hire professionals for large mold areas
Mold covering more than one square meter, HVAC contamination, or post-sewage flooding requires certified remediation specialists.

Warning signs to watch for

Mold returning after cleaning
Respiratory symptoms worsening at home
Sewage-contaminated materials still inside
Hidden mold suspected in walls or air system

Who to contact for help

Certified mold remediation contractor: Professional cleanup for large or sewage-affected areas
Health department: Indoor air quality guidance and health concerns
HVAC technician: Duct cleaning and system decontamination

Sources: WHO — Mold Prevention and Cleanup · American Red Cross — Mold After a Disaster · NDMA — Dampness and Health in Post-Flood Homes

Accessing Government Aid and Relief

Navigate official compensation, rehabilitation, and support programs.

Key steps

Register with district disaster management
Complete official registration at the collector office, online portal, or designated camp. Keep your registration number safe.
Gather required documents
Typically need Aadhaar, ration card, bank passbook, property documents, damage photos, and death/injury certificates if applicable.
Understand available schemes
Relief may include cash assistance, food grains, housing grants, crop compensation, and livelihood support — each with separate eligibility rules.
Apply within published deadlines
Compensation windows are often 30–90 days from disaster declaration. Late applications may be rejected without appeal.
Track application status regularly
Use reference numbers at district offices or online portals. Escalate delays through the grievance cell with dated records.
Avoid middlemen and fee demands
Government disaster aid applications are free. Report anyone charging fees to "expedite" claims to anti-corruption helplines.
Appeal rejections with additional evidence
If denied, request written reasons and submit supplementary documentation within the appeal period.

Warning signs to watch for

Application rejected without clear reason
Demands for bribes or unofficial fees
Compensation amount significantly below published rates
Deadline approaching with no response

Who to contact for help

District Collector / Disaster Management Office: Registration, compensation, and appeals
NDMA helpline: 1078 — scheme information and escalation guidance
State disaster relief portal: Online application and status tracking
Lokpal / anti-corruption helpline: Report bribery related to disaster aid

Sources: NDMA — State Disaster Response Fund Guidelines · Ministry of Home Affairs — Disaster Management Division · American Red Cross — Disaster Financial Assistance Navigation

Mental health & emotional support

Children Back to School

Help children return to education and routine after disruption.

Key steps

Confirm school reopening status
Check official announcements from education departments and school management — not rumors on social media.
Replace lost school supplies and documents
Many schools waive documentation temporarily after disasters. Ask about replacement procedures for ID cards, books, and uniforms.
Talk honestly about what happened
Age-appropriate conversations help children process the event. Acknowledge feelings without forcing details they are not ready to share.
Watch for signs of distress
Changes in sleep, appetite, regression, or school refusal are common. Seek school counselor or mental health support if they persist beyond two weeks.
Re-establish routines gradually
Regular meal times, bedtime, and study schedules restore a sense of safety even if the home is still being repaired.
Coordinate with teachers
Inform teachers about housing changes, lost materials, or family stress so they can provide appropriate support.
Use interim learning options
If schools remain closed, use government broadcast lessons, community learning centers, and library resources to maintain continuity.

Warning signs to watch for

Child refuses school for more than two weeks
Nightmares, aggression, or withdrawal intensifying
School building has visible unrepaired damage
No interim education available during extended closure

Who to contact for help

School principal / counselor: Re-enrollment, trauma support, and supply assistance
District education office: School reopening schedules and temporary learning centers
UNICEF / NGO education partners: Psychosocial support and learning materials in disaster zones

Sources: WHO — Psychosocial Support for Children in Emergencies · UNICEF — Education in Emergencies · NDMA — Child-Friendly Spaces in Relief Camps

Debris Handling Safety

Clear mud, trees, and wreckage without injury or disease.

Key steps

Wear boots, gloves, mask, and eye protection
Flood mud often hides nails, glass, and sewage.
Work in pairs
One person watches for falling objects or unstable piles.
Separate waste types
Household trash, building debris, hazardous chemicals, and medical waste go in different piles per municipal guidance.
Lift with legs not back
Take breaks in shade. Drink safe water hourly in heat.
Do not burn mixed debris
Smoke carries toxic fumes. Follow local burn bans.
Clean wounds immediately
Wash with soap and safe water. Seek tetanus advice at health center for dirty punctures.
Use municipal pickup schedules
Illegal dumping blocks drains and slows community recovery.

Warning signs to watch for

Chest pain or dizziness while working
Deep puncture or cut from rusty metal
Chemical smell stronger after moving debris
Structure shifting while clearing inside building

Who to contact for help

Municipal sanitation department: Debris pickup and hazardous waste
112: Unstable structure or chemical spill
Primary health center: Wound care and tetanus

Sources: American Red Cross — Safe Cleanup After a Disaster · WHO — Flood Cleanup Guidance · NDMA — Post-Flood Sanitation Guidelines

Insurance Documentation Process

Organize claim files so insurers and surveyors can process damage fairly.

Key steps

Notify insurer within policy deadline
Call helpline even if full file not ready. Note claim reference number.
Compile photo and video folder
Date-stamped damage, serial numbers, and before photos if you have them.
Write itemized loss list
Description, approximate age, and replacement cost estimate — honest figures only.
Keep receipts for temporary repairs
Tarps, pumps, and emergency wiring may be reimbursable — save bills.
Meet surveyor on scheduled visit
Walk through all damaged areas. Do not permanent repair before inspection unless emergency safety requires it — document first.
Respond to queries in writing
Email or letter creates paper trail. Keep copies.
Escalate delays through ombudsman if needed
Follow insurer complaint process first, then regulatory ombudsman for unresolved disputes.

Warning signs to watch for

Claim denied for late notice without valid reason documented
Surveyor never arrives after multiple appointments
Demand for unofficial payment to approve claim
Settlement far below documented loss without explanation

Who to contact for help

Insurance company helpline: Claim registration and surveyor
Insurance ombudsman: Dispute resolution
Licensed surveyor: Independent assessment if policy allows

Sources: Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India — Claim Guidelines · American Red Cross — Insurance After Disaster · NDMA — Damage Assessment Framework

Document Replacement — IDs and Certificates

Replace lost Aadhaar, property papers, and school records in weeks after disaster.

Key steps

List every missing document
Identity, property, vehicle, insurance, education, and medical records.
File police lost report if required
Keep FIR copy for reissue applications.
Check disaster fast-track announcements
States sometimes waive fees or simplify steps — verify on official portals only.
Use DigiLocker and backups
Retrieve digital copies to speed reissue.
Apply through official centers only
UIDAI, RTO, registrar offices — avoid agents promising guaranteed speed for cash.
Prioritize documents blocking aid or school
Aadhaar and ration card often needed first for relief registration.
Store new documents in waterproof kit
Scan and upload same day you receive replacements.

Warning signs to watch for

Agent demands large cash for guaranteed Aadhaar
Identity theft reports after documents lost
Aid deadline blocked by one missing paper — ask district office for alternatives
Fake websites collecting Aadhaar copies

Who to contact for help

UIDAI: Aadhaar reprint and update
District magistrate office: Disaster certificate for reissue
DigiLocker support: Digital certificate recovery
Police: Lost document FIR

Sources: UIDAI — Aadhaar Reprint Guidelines · NDMA — Document Recovery After Disasters · American Red Cross — Replacing Vital Documents

Livelihood Recovery

Restart work, shop, or farm income after disaster disruption.

Key steps

Assess tools, stock, and workplace damage
Photo inventory for insurance and aid forms.
Contact employer or market association
Many sectors announce restart dates and hardship support after declared disasters.
Apply for official livelihood schemes if announced
Check district collector notices for self-employment or crop support — eligibility rules vary.
Use bank and MFI moratorium news
RBI and banks sometimes announce relief for affected districts — verify on bank website, not rumors.
Start small revenue fast
Repair one machine, sell undamaged stock, or offer skilled labor neighbors need.
Avoid predatory loans
High-interest private lenders trap disaster victims — prefer bank and government channels.
Connect with livelihood NGOs and skilling missions
District missions may offer short training or tool grants — ask ward office what exists locally.

Warning signs to watch for

Complete income stop with no savings beyond one week
Employer demands bribe to restore job
Loan agent asks for property sign-over
Equipment theft from damaged shop

Who to contact for help

District livelihood mission: Employment and skill programs
Bank branch: Loan moratorium and restructuring
District industry center: Small business restart guidance
Agriculture office: Crop loss reporting for farmers

Sources: NDMA — Economic Recovery Framework · Reserve Bank of India — Disaster Relief Banking Circulars · American Red Cross — Financial Recovery After a Disaster

1-6 months and beyond

Long-Term Recovery

Mental health & emotional support

Emotional Recovery After Disaster

Recognize normal stress responses and find support for lasting psychological recovery.

Key steps

Accept that strong reactions are normal
Anxiety, sadness, anger, guilt, and difficulty concentrating are common after trauma. They do not mean you are failing.
Maintain basic self-care
Prioritize sleep, regular meals, safe water, and gentle movement. Physical stability supports emotional recovery.
Stay connected with others
Isolation worsens distress. Share meals, attend community meetings, and accept help from neighbors and support groups.
Limit disaster media exposure
Constant news and social media replays re-trigger stress. Set specific times to check updates, then focus on constructive tasks.
Use structured stress tools
Breathing exercises, prayer, journaling, and daily routines help regulate the nervous system. Teach simple techniques to children too.
Seek professional help when needed
Persistent insomnia, panic attacks, substance increase, or inability to function for more than two weeks warrant counseling or clinical support.
Support children and elders patiently
Regression, clinginess, and forgetfulness are common. Provide reassurance, routine, and age-appropriate honesty about ongoing recovery.

Warning signs to watch for

Thoughts of self-harm or harming others
Complete inability to perform daily tasks for two or more weeks
Heavy alcohol or drug use to cope
Children showing severe behavioral changes without improvement

Who to contact for help

Tele-MANAS: 14416 or 1-800-891-4416 — national tele-mental health helpline
KIRAN Mental Health Helpline: 1800-599-0019 — 24/7 crisis support
District hospital psychiatry department: In-person counseling and referral
NGO psychosocial support teams: Community-based counseling in disaster-affected areas

Sources: WHO — Mental Health in Emergencies · American Red Cross — Recovering Emotionally · NDMA — Psychosocial Support Guidelines

Rebuilding and Repair — Avoiding Scams

Hire legitimate contractors and avoid fraud during reconstruction.

Key steps

Verify contractor licenses and references
Check registration with local municipal or contractor boards. Call previous clients and inspect completed work when possible.
Get multiple written estimates
Obtain at least three itemized quotes covering materials, labor, timeline, and warranty. Be wary of pressure to decide immediately.
Never pay full amount upfront
Standard practice is a small deposit with progress payments tied to verified milestones. Walk away from demands for full cash payment before work starts.
Use written contracts
Contracts should specify scope, materials, start and end dates, payment schedule, cleanup, and dispute resolution. Read before signing.
Pay by traceable methods
Use bank transfers or cheques — not untraceable cash to unknown parties. Keep all receipts and correspondence.
Beware of door-to-door offers
Storm-chasing contractors often disappear after partial work. Legitimate firms do not demand immediate decisions at your doorstep.
Report suspected fraud
Contact consumer affairs, police economic offenses wing, and your insurer if a contractor misrepresents disaster repair credentials.

Warning signs to watch for

Contractor has no local address or verifiable license
Quote far below market rate with demand for immediate cash
Worker asks you to pull permits in your name to avoid their liability
Materials substituted without agreement or documentation

Who to contact for help

Consumer helpline: 1915 — national consumer grievance support
Police economic offenses / cyber cell: Contractor fraud and advance-fee scams
Municipal contractor registration office: License verification
Insurance company: Approved vendor lists and fraud reporting

Sources: American Red Cross — Avoiding Disaster Scams · NDMA — Contractor Verification Guidelines · Consumer Protection Act — Disaster-Related Fraud

Identity Document Replacement

Replace lost or destroyed IDs, certificates, and property records.

Key steps

List all documents lost or damaged
Include Aadhaar, PAN, passport, voter ID, driving license, ration card, property papers, insurance policies, and educational certificates.
File a police lost report if required
Many reissue processes need an FIR or lost document report. Keep copies of the report with your application.
Use disaster fast-track procedures
Governments often announce simplified reissue after declared disasters — check state announcements for waived fees and reduced documentation.
Apply through official channels only
Use government portals, post offices, and authorized centers. Avoid agents promising faster service for unofficial fees.
Leverage digital backups
DigiLocker, email copies, and bank KYC records can help reconstruct identity when physical documents are gone.
Replace property and insurance documents
Contact registrar offices for certified copies of property records. Request duplicate policy documents from insurers.
Store new documents securely
Keep waterproof copies in your emergency kit and digital backups in DigiLocker or encrypted cloud storage.

Warning signs to watch for

Identity theft reports after documents lost in disaster
Deadline for aid application blocked by missing ID
Agent demands large fees for "guaranteed" reissue
Multiple family members lost all ID simultaneously

Who to contact for help

UIDAI / Aadhaar enrollment center: Aadhaar reprint and update
District magistrate office: Disaster certificate for document reissue
Regional passport / RTO / election office: Specific document replacement per authority
DigiLocker support: Retrieving digitally stored certificates

Sources: NDMA — Document Recovery After Disasters · UIDAI — Aadhaar Reprint Guidelines · American Red Cross — Replacing Vital Documents

Financial Recovery Steps

Rebuild financial stability after disaster-related losses and income disruption.

Key steps

Contact creditors and lenders immediately
Inform banks, landlords, and utility companies about disaster impact. Many offer grace periods, fee waivers, or restructuring after declared disasters.
Inventory financial losses completely
Include property, vehicles, business inventory, income loss, and extra expenses. Match this to insurance and aid applications.
Prioritize essential spending
Focus on housing, food, medications, and safe utilities before discretionary purchases during the first months.
Access disaster loan programs
Check state disaster relief loans, MUDRA extensions, and bank moratorium announcements for affected borrowers.
Beware of predatory lending
High-interest private loans marketed to disaster victims create long-term debt traps. Prefer government schemes and bank-approved products.
Rebuild emergency savings gradually
Even small regular deposits restore financial resilience. Start with a modest goal once immediate needs stabilize.
Seek free financial counseling
Bank mitra centers, NGO livelihood programs, and government skilling initiatives help restore income and manage debt.

Warning signs to watch for

Missed mortgage or rent payments with eviction notices
Insurance payout delayed beyond 60 days without explanation
Debt collectors ignoring disaster hardship declarations
Complete loss of income with no relief access

Who to contact for help

Bank branch / customer care: Loan moratorium and hardship programs
Insurance ombudsman: Claim dispute resolution
District livelihood mission: Employment and skill recovery programs
SEBI investor helpline: Investment and fraud concerns — 1800-266-7576

Sources: NDMA — Economic Recovery Framework · Reserve Bank of India — Disaster Relief Banking Circulars · American Red Cross — Financial Recovery After a Disaster

Community Rebuilding

Strengthen neighborhood recovery through collective action and shared resources.

Key steps

Join or form a neighborhood recovery group
Organized groups coordinate cleanup, share equipment, track aid distribution, and represent the area to authorities.
Map community needs and assets
Identify who needs medical help, childcare, translation, or construction skills. Match needs with willing volunteers and donated resources.
Advocate together for infrastructure
Collective requests for roads, water, schools, and power restoration carry more weight than individual complaints.
Protect vulnerable neighbors
Check on elders, people with disabilities, and single-parent households regularly. Include them in planning and resource sharing.
Establish fair aid distribution
Transparent lists prevent favoritism and conflict. Rotate leadership roles and document decisions openly.
Organize community preparedness training
Use recovery momentum to run first aid workshops, evacuation drills, and emergency kit drives for next time.
Celebrate progress milestones
Community gatherings after major repairs or school reopening rebuild social bonds that disasters strain.

Warning signs to watch for

Aid distribution conflicts turning violent
Vulnerable residents excluded from recovery planning
Infrastructure requests ignored for months
Volunteer burnout with no succession plan

Who to contact for help

Local ward councillor / panchayat: Community infrastructure requests and local governance
NGO community organizers: Facilitation, training, and resource coordination
Indian Red Cross Society: Community resilience and volunteer programs

Sources: NDMA — Community-Based Disaster Management · American Red Cross — Community Preparedness · WHO — Community Engagement in Recovery

Building Back Better — Future Preparedness

Use recovery as an opportunity to reduce future disaster risk.

Key steps

Review what failed during the disaster
Honest assessment of evacuation delays, kit gaps, communication failures, and building weaknesses informs better preparation.
Rebuild to hazard-resistant standards
Elevate electrical panels, use flood-resistant materials, anchor fuel tanks, and follow updated building codes for your hazard zone.
Update your family emergency plan
Revise meeting points, contacts, and roles based on what you learned. Practice the updated plan with all household members.
Restock and upgrade your emergency kit
Replace used supplies and add items you wished you had — radio, cash, document copies, power bank, and medications.
Invest in early warning awareness
Register for government SMS alerts, learn local warning signals, and identify official information sources before the next event.
Improve home and neighborhood mitigation
Clear drainage, trim hazard trees, install smoke detectors, and advocate for community-level flood and fire defenses.
Share lessons with others
Your experience helps neighbors prepare. Contribute to community training, school programs, and local disaster management plans.

Warning signs to watch for

Rebuilding repeats pre-disaster vulnerabilities
No early warning registration or plan update after recovery
Emergency kit not restocked within six months
Community mitigation projects abandoned after initial enthusiasm

Who to contact for help

NDMA: Building back better guidelines and hazard mapping
State disaster management authority: Local mitigation grants and training programs
Fire and building departments: Code compliance and home safety inspections

Sources: NDMA — Build Back Better Guidelines · UN Sendai Framework — Recovery and Reconstruction · American Red Cross — Prepare for Future Emergencies

Mental health & emotional support

Children's Emotional Recovery

Help children process fear and loss over months after disaster.

Key steps

Return to predictable routines
Meals, bedtime, and school when open give stability.
Let children play
Play is processing — do not force constant seriousness.
Listen without pressing for details
Answer when they bring it up. Validate feelings: scared, sad, angry are normal.
Limit repeated disaster footage
Protect from graphic replays on TV and phones.
Watch for lasting signs
Nightmares, school refusal, aggression beyond two weeks may need counselor.
Include children in small recovery tasks
Age-appropriate jobs rebuild confidence — sorting dry books, planting.
Seek school counselor or NGO psychosocial support
Group sessions help children see others recovered too.

Warning signs to watch for

Self-harm talk or extreme withdrawal
Regression severe for age — e.g., older child unable to speak
Panic at rain or siren lasting months
No improvement after six weeks of support

Who to contact for help

School counselor: In-school psychosocial support
Tele-MANAS: 14416 — tele-mental health
UNICEF partner NGOs: Child-friendly spaces
District hospital psychiatry: Referral for persistent symptoms

Sources: WHO — Psychosocial Support for Children in Emergencies · UNICEF — Coping with Crisis · NDMA — Psychosocial Support Guidelines

Older Adult Support After Disaster

Address mobility, medicine, isolation, and heat risk for elders during long recovery.

Key steps

Maintain medication continuity
Refill routines and clinic visits — disruptions return quickly.
Prevent falls in damaged home
Remove loose wires, add night light, fix handrails before full repair.
Schedule welfare visits
Neighbor or relative checks daily if elder lives alone.
Protect from heat and cold in partial housing
Fan, shade, and hydration in summer; layers in winter.
Include in decisions
Ask preferences on shelter, repair, and property — do not decide silently for them.
Combat isolation
Community meals, temple visits when safe, or phone calls reduce depression.
Plan for future emergencies
Update go-bag with glasses, hearing aid batteries, and simplified plan.

Warning signs to watch for

Missed essential medicines for two days
Confusion, falls, or not eating
No one checking on isolated elder for 48 hours
Heat illness signs in summer recovery camp

Who to contact for help

Primary health center: Home visit and chronic care
Elder helpline: State senior citizen helplines where available
112: Medical emergency
NGO elder care programs: Day care and support in some cities

Sources: WHO — Older Persons in Emergencies · HelpAge India — Disaster Response · NDMA — Vulnerable Groups Recovery

Disability Needs After Disaster

Restore assistive devices, accessible housing, and support services.

Key steps

Inventory lost or damaged assistive devices
Wheelchair, hearing aid, CPAP, prosthetics — photo for aid and insurance.
Contact suppliers and hospitals
Many manufacturers have disaster replacement programs — verify officially.
Advocate for accessible temporary housing
Ramp, ground floor, accessible toilet — request in writing at relief desk.
Restore power backup for medical devices
Inverter, generator fuel, or charging schedule at shelter.
Reconnect disability benefits and services
Pension, bus pass, and home care — ask social welfare office reopening status.
Include person in rebuilding choices
Door width, bathroom grab bars, and path clearance from day one of repair.
Join disability-led support groups
Peers share vendor and scheme knowledge faster than generic advice.

Warning signs to watch for

No accessible toilet at shelter for weeks
Medical device failure with no backup power
Caregiver burnout with no respite
Excluded from community meetings about reconstruction

Who to contact for help

District social welfare office: Disability certificates and schemes
Rehabilitation supplier: Device replacement
Disability rights NGO: Advocacy and legal support
112: Medical device emergency

Sources: WHO — Disability in Emergencies · UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities — Emergency Context · NDMA — Inclusive Recovery Guidelines

Volunteer Safety During Recovery

Help others without injury, burnout, or spreading disease.

Key steps

Volunteer through recognized groups
NGO, Red Cross, or government desk provides training and insurance in some programs.
Use personal protective gear
Boots, gloves, masks for mud and mold work.
Know your limits
Dehydration, heat, and heavy lifting injure untrained volunteers.
Do not self-deploy into unstable buildings
Wait for engineer clearance.
Prevent infection spread
Wash hands, do not cook for others when sick.
Rotate shifts and rest
Burnout hurts quality — schedule days off.
Report hazards to coordinators
Chemical drums, downed lines, and child safety issues need professionals.

Warning signs to watch for

Working alone in collapsed structure
Dizziness or chest pain ignored
No clean water for volunteers at site
Pressure to handle cash donations without receipt system

Who to contact for help

Indian Red Cross: Organized volunteer registration
District disaster volunteer coordinator: Official deployment
112: Site emergency
NGO team lead: On-site safety authority

Sources: WHO — Health and Safety of Humanitarian Volunteers · NDMA — Volunteer Management Guidelines · American Red Cross — Volunteer Safety

Donation Management — Giving and Receiving Safely

Channel clothes, food, and money through trusted paths that actually reach need.

Key steps

Verify organization before giving money
Check registration, official website, and bank account name match.
Give what is requested
Unneeded old clothes clog sorting centers — ask relief desk for current list.
Label and pack donations clearly
Size, gender, sealed bags. No torn or wet items.
Recipients: register at official points
Fair distribution uses lists — jumping queue causes conflict.
Store donated goods safely
Elevated from floor, protected from rats and rain.
Report duplicate or unfair distribution
Panchayat or NGO coordinator — not social media mob justice.
Transition from relief to recovery
Later months need tools and livelihood items more than old clothes — ask locally.

Warning signs to watch for

Caller asks OTP to release donation
Unregistered group collecting Aadhaar copies door to door
Warehouse donations rotting unopened
Violence at distribution line

Who to contact for help

District disaster management office: Official donation channels
Indian Red Cross: Verified relief donations
Consumer helpline: 1915 — fraud reporting
Police cyber cell: Online donation scams

Sources: NDMA — Relief Material Management · Sphere Handbook — Donation Standards · American Red Cross — Donating Responsibly

Long-Term Housing Decisions

Choose between repair, rent, relocate, or wait for assistance without rushing bad contracts.

Key steps

Get structural report before major repair spend
Licensed engineer letter protects safety and resale.
Compare temporary rent vs repair timeline
Write costs for six months — hidden fees in oral rent deals add up.
Read government housing aid rules carefully
Grants may require rebuilding on same plot or using approved designs — verify official notices.
Inspect relocation land for new hazards
Flood plain, landslide slope, and distance to work and school.
Use written rental agreements
Deposit, duration, and repair responsibility clear.
Avoid pressure sales of relocation plots
Verify title and disaster history before buying in haste.
Plan build-back-better features
Elevation, drainage, and fire safety cheaper during rebuild than later.

Warning signs to watch for

Landlord demands full year rent upfront in cash only
Contractor starts without permit in seismic zone
Government aid promise with no written registration number
New site floods in next rain — research skipped

Who to contact for help

District disaster housing cell: Reconstruction schemes
Municipal building department: Permits and codes
Licensed structural engineer: Safety before reoccupancy
Consumer helpline: 1915 — rental and contractor disputes

Sources: NDMA — Build Back Better Guidelines · UN Sendai Framework — Recovery and Reconstruction · American Red Cross — Housing Recovery After Disaster

Prepare for next time

When you're ready, family plans and emergency kits can help you feel more prepared for the future.

Go to Prepare →

Mental health & emotional support

Emotional recovery matters as much as physical safety. These guides are here when you're ready.

Mental health & emotional support

Returning Home Safely

Move back into your home only when structural, utility, and environmental checks confirm it is safe.

Key steps

Confirm official re-entry approval
Wait for clearance from building authorities, fire services, and utility companies — not just when neighbors return.
Inspect the exterior first
Check foundation, roof, chimney, porches, and utility connections from outside before opening doors.
Enter cautiously with others present
Open doors slowly — swollen frames may stick. Watch for falling debris and have a flashlight even during daytime.
Ventilate before extended stay
Open windows and doors for at least 30 minutes to clear stale air, gas pockets, and mold spores if power allows safe ventilation.
Test smoke and carbon monoxide alarms
Replace batteries and test all alarms before sleeping in the home. Use battery-powered CO detectors if gas appliances were affected.
Establish a temporary living setup
Set up one clean, dry room with essentials while larger repairs continue. Keep children and pets away from work zones.
Report new damage discovered after return
Document and report issues found during move-in to insurers and building inspectors within policy timeframes.

Warning signs to watch for

Doors or windows jammed by structural shift
Persistent gas odor or hissing sounds
Standing water or sewage inside the home
Visible mold covering more than one square meter

Who to contact for help

Municipal building inspector: Re-occupancy safety certification
Gas company emergency line: Leak inspection before restoring service
Insurance surveyor: Additional damage documentation after move-in

Sources: American Red Cross — Returning Home · NDMA — Housing Safety After Disasters · WHO — Indoor Air Quality After Floods

Mental health & emotional support

Children Back to School

Help children return to education and routine after disruption.

Key steps

Confirm school reopening status
Check official announcements from education departments and school management — not rumors on social media.
Replace lost school supplies and documents
Many schools waive documentation temporarily after disasters. Ask about replacement procedures for ID cards, books, and uniforms.
Talk honestly about what happened
Age-appropriate conversations help children process the event. Acknowledge feelings without forcing details they are not ready to share.
Watch for signs of distress
Changes in sleep, appetite, regression, or school refusal are common. Seek school counselor or mental health support if they persist beyond two weeks.
Re-establish routines gradually
Regular meal times, bedtime, and study schedules restore a sense of safety even if the home is still being repaired.
Coordinate with teachers
Inform teachers about housing changes, lost materials, or family stress so they can provide appropriate support.
Use interim learning options
If schools remain closed, use government broadcast lessons, community learning centers, and library resources to maintain continuity.

Warning signs to watch for

Child refuses school for more than two weeks
Nightmares, aggression, or withdrawal intensifying
School building has visible unrepaired damage
No interim education available during extended closure

Who to contact for help

School principal / counselor: Re-enrollment, trauma support, and supply assistance
District education office: School reopening schedules and temporary learning centers
UNICEF / NGO education partners: Psychosocial support and learning materials in disaster zones

Sources: WHO — Psychosocial Support for Children in Emergencies · UNICEF — Education in Emergencies · NDMA — Child-Friendly Spaces in Relief Camps

Mental health & emotional support

Emotional Recovery After Disaster

Recognize normal stress responses and find support for lasting psychological recovery.

Key steps

Accept that strong reactions are normal
Anxiety, sadness, anger, guilt, and difficulty concentrating are common after trauma. They do not mean you are failing.
Maintain basic self-care
Prioritize sleep, regular meals, safe water, and gentle movement. Physical stability supports emotional recovery.
Stay connected with others
Isolation worsens distress. Share meals, attend community meetings, and accept help from neighbors and support groups.
Limit disaster media exposure
Constant news and social media replays re-trigger stress. Set specific times to check updates, then focus on constructive tasks.
Use structured stress tools
Breathing exercises, prayer, journaling, and daily routines help regulate the nervous system. Teach simple techniques to children too.
Seek professional help when needed
Persistent insomnia, panic attacks, substance increase, or inability to function for more than two weeks warrant counseling or clinical support.
Support children and elders patiently
Regression, clinginess, and forgetfulness are common. Provide reassurance, routine, and age-appropriate honesty about ongoing recovery.

Warning signs to watch for

Thoughts of self-harm or harming others
Complete inability to perform daily tasks for two or more weeks
Heavy alcohol or drug use to cope
Children showing severe behavioral changes without improvement

Who to contact for help

Tele-MANAS: 14416 or 1-800-891-4416 — national tele-mental health helpline
KIRAN Mental Health Helpline: 1800-599-0019 — 24/7 crisis support
District hospital psychiatry department: In-person counseling and referral
NGO psychosocial support teams: Community-based counseling in disaster-affected areas

Sources: WHO — Mental Health in Emergencies · American Red Cross — Recovering Emotionally · NDMA — Psychosocial Support Guidelines

Plus 1 more mental health guides in the phases below.

Your recovery journey

First Hours — Immediate Aftermath

First Week — Stabilizing

First Month — Rebuilding

Long-Term Recovery

Mental health & emotional support

Returning Home Safely

Key steps

Confirm official re-entry approval

Inspect the exterior first

Enter cautiously with others present

Ventilate before extended stay

Test smoke and carbon monoxide alarms

Establish a temporary living setup

Report new damage discovered after return

Warning signs to watch for

Who to contact for help

Children Back to School

Key steps

Confirm school reopening status

Replace lost school supplies and documents

Talk honestly about what happened

Watch for signs of distress

Re-establish routines gradually

Coordinate with teachers

Use interim learning options

Warning signs to watch for

Who to contact for help

Emotional Recovery After Disaster

Key steps

Accept that strong reactions are normal

Maintain basic self-care

Stay connected with others

Limit disaster media exposure

Use structured stress tools

Seek professional help when needed

Support children and elders patiently

Warning signs to watch for

Who to contact for help

First Hours — Immediate Aftermath

Is It Safe to Return?

Key steps

Wait for official clearance

Check for visible structural damage

Assess environmental hazards

Use protective gear if you must approach

Follow marked routes only

Re-evaluate if conditions change

Document what you observe from outside

Warning signs to watch for

Who to contact for help

Finding Your Family

Key steps

Try your family communication plan first

Check designated meeting points

Contact schools, workplaces, and care facilities

Register with official reunification services

Use social media responsibly

Visit hospitals and aid stations systematically

Keep trying on a schedule

Report missing persons to authorities

Warning signs to watch for

Who to contact for help

Emergency Shelter Options

Key steps

Go to the nearest official shelter first

Register when you arrive

Ask about special-needs accommodations

Understand shelter rules and duration

Keep valuables secure and travel light

Explore temporary housing alternatives

Confirm shelter safety before settling in

Warning signs to watch for

Who to contact for help

Getting Emergency Medical Care

Key steps

Call 112 for life-threatening emergencies

Go to the nearest functioning medical facility

Use first aid while waiting for help

Bring medication lists and allergy information